Yeah...that's a common initial reaction to RFTG.
I like to think of it like this:
Every round, there are five possible things that could happen: Explore/Develop/Settle/Consume/Produce. The phases don't all happen each round, only the ones that you and your opponents choose. But the ones that you choose happen for everyone. For example, in a 4p, if I choose Explore, P2 chooses Produce, P3 chooses Settle, P4 chooses Explore, then this round we will all Explore, then all Settle, then all Produce.
You're going to build things that will give you bonuses during some phases. Merchant Guild gives you 2 cards every Produce phase, regardless of who chose it. In the end, you can get a good score either because you build lots of expensive things (helped along with bonuses during Develop or Settle phases), or because you build lots of worlds, Produce goods on them, and Consume them for points (aided with bonuses during Produce or Consume phases).
When you choose a Phase, you get a bonus for choosing it. For Explore and Consume you have a choice of one of two bonuses (+1/+1 vs +5, Trade vs x2); for Dev it's a 1-card discount; for Settle it's a card after settle; for Produce it's the ability to produce on a windfall.
How the Explore/Dev/Settle phases work are pretty straightforward. Get cards. Pick cards to build, then pay cards. Developments are diamonds and cost cards. Civilian worlds also cost cards; Military worlds are free but require Military pre-requisites. Some worlds (civ and military) are gray; they don't Produce goods during Produce phase. Some worlds (civ and military) are shaded in (Lost Species Ark World); they Produce a good during Produce phase. Some worlds (civ and military) are windfalls (Alpha Centauri): they start off with a good, but do not produce a good unless you have a Produce-on-windfall power.
During Consume phase, you consume as many good as possible thanks to your Consume powers. If you chose Consume-Trade, you trade a good first, and then do the consumption. If you chose Consume-x2, you consume all goods for 2x the points. If you didn't choose Consume, but someone else did, you just Consume normally. During Produce phase, everyone gets a good on a production world. If you chose Produce you get one on a windfall.
The main barrier is the iconography describing the bonuses per phase. But the icons become second nature very quickly.