another big philosophical question is bits vs atoms
what is more real; bits or atoms? what is the cause of consciousness; bits or atoms?
the popular answer is "bits". As in, flow of information. but, like, this answer seems extremely problematic. Since the beginning of time, no-one has ever seen a bit or something made out of bits. Bits are a made-up concept used to compactly approximate the behavior of systems
take a processor. Sure it's more convenient to talk about it modifying bits. But what are those bits? Well, we've deliberately built it to look at super tiny regions of a surface, decide if they're charged or not (electrically or magnetically or however it works, I'm not a hardware expert), and treat those as a binary thing. Point being, we've *built* things to be describable in terms of bits. But bits aren't real. What's actually going on is just more physics. You could describe a processor doing stuff purely in terms of underlying particles, and this would be *more* accurate, not less.
And it's not like these behaviors have even emerged naturally; again you can only approximately describe a processor in terms of bits because *we've built it that way*. You can only approximately describe a human in terms of bits because *evolution built it that way*.
So why think that Bits are more real and in any way? Why assume that this real thing, consciousness, is caused by this made-up concept, Bits?
Pretty sure the reason is that people want to link consciousness to intelligence, and intelligence is classically described in terms of bits. If you want to say that humans are conscious but rocks aren't, it has to have something to do with what humans are doing, and that difference might as well be described by information flow. At that point, speaking about atoms doesn't help because then you'd have to say "well atoms are conscious, but only if they move in this very peculiar way...". That's not any less implausible than "Bits cause consciousness"
So you can either run with the "humans are conscious, rocks aren't" intuition, and go ahead and link consciousness to this made-up human concept of "Bits" and "information". Or you can reject the intuition, locate consciousness at the level of atoms, the thing that actually exists, and admit that rocks are probably conscious as well.
If put like this, it seems kind of obvious that the latter is more plausible? People tend to treat "rocks are conscious" as this extremely strange thing that requires overwhelming evidence, but I don't see why it would. It's not like we have any experimental data that suggests otherwise. Seems just like another of the recurring failures of vastly overestimating intuition in contexts where we have no reason to assume intuition is accurate.
I think if I had just thought in terms of "bits or atoms", I would probably have landed on panpsychism (all matter is conscious) years ago.