For money, we usually just say "I have X", but if we do refer to it we say "boursouf" which is an obscure slang term for money in French, so obscure that I have never heard it used outside of a Dominion context actually. Sometimes we also use "fric", another slang term, but a very common one (kind of an equivalent to "bucks" in English).
If you play Rats (which is already source for hilarity/awesomeness), you say "C'est les rats !" (It's the rats!) which is a verse from an old traditional French song, and also sounds like "scélérat" (rascal).
If you play Pirate Ship you're also supposed to say "Pirates !" which is a reference to a commercial for tabbouleh, of all things.
I won't delve into them but there also a few sex jokes to be had with Bandit Camp (Camp de Bandits in French) and taking Gold (works well if you know a girl named Laure).
Also I like to call Farmland (Fruchtbares Land) as "Awful Land" (Furchtbares Land).
Gah, furchtbar and fruchtbar, how I hate these words. They sound way too much alike for antonyms.