Compare your end-of-game decks. Your opponent had 5 tournaments, 3 warehouses, and 2 upgrades - all cards which help province/tournament collide in some form or another. You had 2 warehouses and 1 tournament and just one upgrade.
Your opponent just went much harder on the province/tournament pairing than you did. They opened YW/Silver, and did not buy a single other treasure until turn 11, buying tournaments, warehouses, and upgrades, and using the upgrades to create a few more silvers. You, on the other hand, opened YW/Woodcutter, and then bought more treasure on turns 4,5,6,7. It's no wonder that you were slower at cycling through your deck, matching up province and tournament!
It's certainly a fine line. Yuma got basically just the amount of treasure they needed to buy provinces, while still spending most of their buys on tournaments and enablers. It's certainly just as easy to fall into the opposite trap and not buy any money, but, well, that line's the place you need to find, and in this game you fell too far on the "buy more treasure than you want, then be unable to connect province and tournament because you have a Big Money deck and not an engine" side.
Oh, and that woodcutter cost you an early gold/upgrade, because it collided with the YW, didn't it?