Dominion was the first deck-building game, and for all of expansions remains to revolve around this mechanics, unlike A Few Acres of Snow or Rococo, which use the mechanics among others.
How about making a list of mechanics and the game that use this mechanics only or as their central theme.
Here's a first shot at it an aggregation of our suggestions mechanics and titles (selected at my whim):
Winning and losing -- Coin toss
Memory -- Memory
Supply and demand -- Executive Decision
Bidding -- Kuhhandel
Area control -- Forum Romanum
Set collection -- Quartett/The Game of Authors/Happy Family
Concurrent moves -- Rock-Paper-Scissors
Bluffing -- Liar's Dice
Roll and move -- Chutes and Ladders
Rock, paper, scissors -- Rock-Paper-Scissors
Press-your-luck -- Pass the Pigs
Trick-taking -- Hearts
Politics -- Mafia
Simultaneously passing single cards around the circle of players -- My Ship Sails
Drafting -- ??