Lots of cards were changed in the "second editions", if we count changing "he" to "they" and lots of other tweaked phrasings.
But if you're looking for just functional changes of cards, you can check out the section "Second-edition sets" in my document. It lists the ones that were changed: Embargo, Masquerade, Mine, Moneylender, Outpost, Possession, Scheme, Stash, Throne Room and Trade Route. Then you can look up those cards in the Card Reference in the document, or look them up in the wiki if you're after the exact verbatim changes.
When it comes to the recent changes, they are not included in my document online yet, but will be very(!) shortly. But the cards are: Band of Misfits, Captain, Death Cart, Embargo, Inheritance, Lantern, Overlord, Pillage and Procession
If you want to know about other rules changes, there have been several over the years, but only a few that made it into rulebooks. You can read about that in the same place in my document.