One of these days I'm going to write a Golem article, because I don't think we have a proper one and Golem is really cool. I see many people not using it to its full potential.
How is this card best worked into a deck?
The action-digging effect works a lot like Hunting Party. Bypass your junk and find your actions. Golem also acts as a splitter, but you do want a decent number of +Action cards to avoid the dreaded Golem Into Two Terminals. If you have a lot of draw in your deck, you will want a lot of action cards to support Golem (certainly more than 2 non-Golem actions per Golem) because you will be drawing actions into your hand and out of the Golem Zone (your deck).
There is another type of Golem deck you can build, but I rarely find it strong enough to play. In this type, you get two actions you want to play every turn (like Goons and Torturer), and then just buy Golems and money. You will of course want 2 copies of a "key action" that happens to be a Duration.
Is the combo with Tactician ever worth pursuing?
Almost never. If you play a Lab/Menagerie/Minion after the Tactician, you end up with a 2/3/4 card hand. Not great unless your deck quality is very high. The payoff on the Tactician turn is also worse than you'd think. You get to start with a 10-card hand, but that means a lot of the actions you want to play end up in your hand, instead of in your deck where Golem can hit them. It's better to just get more Golems and more good Actions.
How many Golems do you typically want?
Depends on the board. I find 3 tends to be a good number usually. By the time you get 3 Golems and enough actions to support them, your deck should be strong enough to green without trouble.
You can get Potion and Golem quite early, as long as you have the economy to hit $4P and a few decent actions for it to hit. What's important is not so much how good your economy is now, but how good it will be when you draw the potion. Likewise, it's not so important how many action cards you have now, but how many you will have when you draw the Golem.
In
this game, I buy potion on turn 4. Baker, Ironmonger, and Masquerade are all good actions that provide economy so that I have a good shot at hitting $4P when my potion comes up.
In
this game, I buy potion on turn 3, when the only action in my deck is a Fortune Teller. But by the time I see that potion, buy a Golem with it, and draw the Golem, I've bought two Minions and a Scheme.